Anesthesiology
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Use of perflubron emulsion to decrease allogeneic blood transfusion in high-blood-loss non-cardiac surgery: results of a European phase 3 study.
This single-blind randomized study in general surgery evaluated the efficacy of perflubron emulsion (PFC) as an artificial oxygen carrier being used to augment preoperative acute normovolemic hemodilution to reduce and avoid transfusion of both allogeneic erythrocytes and erythrocytes from preoperative autologous donation compared with standard of care. ⋯ Augmented acute normovolemic hemodilution with PFC reduces transfusion needs in patients undergoing noncardiac surgical procedures with blood loss 20 ml/kg or greater.
-
Clinical Trial
Changes of electroencephalographic bicoherence during isoflurane anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia.
The authors previously reported that, during isoflurane anesthesia, electroencephalographic bicoherence values changed in a fairly restricted region of frequency versus frequency space. The aim of the current study was to clarify the relation between electroencephalographic bicoherence and the isoflurane concentration. ⋯ Changes in the height of two electroencephalographic bicoherence peaks correlated well with isoflurane concentration.
-
Despite improvements in neonatal heart surgery, neurologic complications continue to occur from low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (LF-CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Desflurane confers neuroprotection against ischemia at normothermia and for DHCA. This study compared neurologic outcome of a desflurane-based with a fentanyl-based anesthetic for LF-CPB. ⋯ Desflurane improved neurologic outcome following LF-CPB compared with F/D in piglets, indicated by less functional disability and less histologic damage, especially with Des9. Desflurane may have produced cardiac protection, suggested by a lower incidence of ventricular fibrillation.
-
In a previous study, the authors found that nitrous oxide (N2O) exposure induces c-Fos (an immunohistochemical marker of neuronal activation) in spinal cord gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) neurons in Fischer rats. In this study, the authors sought evidence for the involvement of alpha1 adrenoceptors in the antinociceptive effect of N2O and in activation of GABAergic neurons in the spinal cord. ⋯ These findings support the hypothesis that N2O activates GABAergic interneurons through alpha1 adrenoceptors to produce its antinociceptive effect.