• Rie Tsutsumi, Yuki Yamasaki, Jiro Takeo, Hiroko Miyahara, Mayu Sebe, Masahiro Bando, Yousuke Tanba, Yuna Mishima, Kana Takeji, Nanako Ueshima, Masashi Kuroda, Saeko Masumoto, Nagakatsu Harada, Daiju Fukuda, Ryoko Yoshimoto, Yasuo M Tsutsumi, AiharaKen-IchiKIDepartment of Community Medicine and Medical Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Diabetes Therapeutics and Research Centre, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan., Masataka Sata, and Hiroshi Sakaue.
• Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
• Transl Res. 2021 Nov 1; 237: 16-30.

AbstractFish oil-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCMUFAs) with a carbon chain length longer than 18 units ameliorate cardiovascular risk in mice. In this study, we investigated whether LCMUFAs could improve endothelial functions in mice and humans. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multi-center study, healthy subjects were randomly assigned to either an LCMUFA oil (saury oil) or a control oil (olive and tuna oils) group. Sixty subjects were enrolled and administrated each oil for 4 weeks. For the animal study, ApoE-/- mice were fed a Western diet supplemented with 3% of either gadoleic acid (C20:1) or cetoleic acid (C22:1) for 12 weeks. Participants from the LCMUFA group showed improvements in endothelial function and a lower trimethylamine-N-oxide level, which is a predictor of coronary artery disease. C20:1 and C22:1 oils significantly improved atherosclerotic lesions and plasma levels of several inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-α. These beneficial effects were consistent with an improvement in the gut microbiota environment, as evident from the decreased ratio of Firmicutes and/ or Bacteroidetes, increase in the abundance of Akkermansia, and upregulation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-induced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression and serum GLP-1 level. These data suggest that LCMUFAs alter the microbiota environment that stimulate the production of SCFAs, resulting in the induction of GLP-1 secretion. Fish oil-derived long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids might thus help to protect against cardiovascular disease.Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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