• Angel Guerrero, Audrey L Blewer, Anjni P Joiner, LeongBenjamin S HBSHEmergency Medicine Department, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore., Nur Shahidah, Pin Pin Pek, Yih Yng Ng, Shalini Arulanandam, Truls Østbye, Alexander Gordee, Maragatha Kuchibhatla, and OngMarcus E HMEHHealth Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore..
• Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
• Resuscitation. 2022 Sep 1; 178: 879587-95.

Aim Of The StudyWhile out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with poor survival, early bystander CPR (B-CPR) and telephone CPR (T-CPR) improves survival from OHCA. American Heart Association (AHA) Scientific Statements outline recommendations for T-CPR. We assessed these recommendations and hypothesized that meeting performance standards is associated with increased likelihood of survival. Additional variables were analyzed to identify future performance measurements.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of non-traumatic, adult, OHCA using the Singapore Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study. The primary outcome was likelihood of survival; secondary outcomes were pre-hospital Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) and B-CPR.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2016, 2,574 arrests met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 68 ± 15; of 2,574, 1,125 (44%) received T-CPR with 5% (135/2574) survival. T-CPR cases that met the Lerner et al. performance metrics analyzed, demonstrated no statistically significant association with survival. Cases which met the Kurz et al. criteria, "Time for Dispatch to Recognize Need for CPR" and "Time to First Compression," had adjusted odds ratios of survival of 1.01 (95% CI:1.00, 1.02; p = <0.01) and 0.99 (95% CI:0.99, 0.99; p = <0.01), respectively. Identified barriers to CPR decreased the odds of T-CPR and B-CPR being performed. Patients with prehospital ROSC had higher odds of B-CPR being performed. EMS response time < 8 minutes was associated with increased survival among patients receiving T-CPR.ConclusionAHA scientific statements on T-CPR programs serve as ideal starting points for increasing the quality of T-CPR systems and patient outcomes. More work is needed to identify other system performance measures.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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