• Timothy R Deer, Marc A Russo, Dawood Sayed, Jason E Pope, Jay S Grider, Jonathan M Hagedorn, Steven M Falowski, Adnan Al-Kaisy, Konstantin V Slavin, Sean Li, Lawrence R Poree, Sam Eldabe, Kaare Meier, Tim J Lamer, Julie G Pilitsis, Jose De Andrés, Christophe Perruchoud, Alexios G Carayannopoulos, Susan M Moeschler, Amir Hadanny, Eric Lee, Vishal P Varshney, Mehul J Desai, Peter Pahapill, J Osborn, Stana Bojanic, Ajay Antony, Fabian Piedimonte, Salim M Hayek, and Robert M Levy.
• The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA. Electronic address: doctdeer@aol.com.
• Neuromodulation. 2024 Aug 1; 27 (6): 9771007977-1007.

IntroductionThe International Neuromodulation Society convened a multispecialty group of physicians based on expertise and international representation to establish evidence-based guidance on the mitigation of neuromodulation complications. This Neurostimulation Appropriateness Consensus Committee (NACC)® project intends to update evidence-based guidance and offer expert opinion that will improve efficacy and safety.Materials And MethodsAuthors were chosen on the basis of their clinical expertise, familiarity with the peer-reviewed literature, research productivity, and contributions to the neuromodulation literature. Section leaders supervised literature searches of MEDLINE, BioMed Central, Current Contents Connect, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed from 2017 (when NACC last published guidelines) to October 2023. Identified studies were graded using the United States Preventive Services Task Force criteria for evidence and certainty of net benefit. Recommendations are based on the strength of evidence or consensus when evidence was scant.ResultsThe NACC examined the published literature and established evidence- and consensus-based recommendations to guide best practices. Additional guidance will occur as new evidence is developed in future iterations of this process.ConclusionsThe NACC recommends best practices regarding the mitigation of complications associated with neurostimulation to improve safety and efficacy. The evidence- and consensus-based recommendations should be used as a guide to assist decision-making when clinically appropriate.Copyright © 2024 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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