• Ludhmila Abrahao Hajjar, Jean Louis Vincent, Barbosa Gomes GalasFilomena ReginaFR, Andrew Rhodes, Giovanni Landoni, Eduardo Atsushi Osawa, Renato Rosa Melo, Marcia Rodrigues Sundin, Solimar Miranda Grande, Fabio A Gaiotto, Pablo Maria Pomerantzeff, Luis Oliveira Dallan, Rafael Alves Franco, Rosana Ely Nakamura, Luiz Augusto Lisboa, de AlmeidaJuliano PinheiroJP, Aline Muller Gerent, Dayenne Hianae Souza, Maria Alice Gaiane, Julia Tizue Fukushima, ParkClarice LeeCL, Cristiane Zambolim, Graziela Santos Rocha Ferreira, Tânia Mara Strabelli, Felipe Lourenco Fernandes, Ligia Camara, Suely Zeferino, Valter Garcia Santos, Marilde Albuquerque Piccioni, Fabio Biscegli Jatene, Costa AulerJose OtavioJOJr, and FilhoRoberto KalilRK.
• From the Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Cardiopneumology (L.A.H., F.R.B.G.G., E.A.O., R.R.M., M.R.S., S.M.G., R.A.F., R.E.N., J.P.d.A., A.M.G., D.H.S., M.A.G., J.T.F., C.L.P., C.Z., G.S.R.F., F.L.F., L.C., S.Z., V.G.S.P., M.A.P., J.O.C.A.) and Divisions of Cardiovascular Surgery (F.A.G., P.M.P., L.O.D., L.A.L., F.B.J.), Infectious Diseases (T.M.S.), and Cardiology (R.K.F.), Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium (J.L.V.); Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust and St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (A.R.); Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (G.L.) and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy (G.L.).
• Anesthesiology. 2017 Jan 1; 126 (1): 85-93.

BackgroundVasoplegic syndrome is a common complication after cardiac surgery and impacts negatively on patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether vasopressin is superior to norepinephrine in reducing postoperative complications in patients with vasoplegic syndrome.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, double-blind trial was conducted at the Heart Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, between January 2012 and March 2014. Patients with vasoplegic shock (defined as mean arterial pressure less than 65 mmHg resistant to fluid challenge and cardiac index greater than 2.2 l · min · m) after cardiac surgery were randomized to receive vasopressin (0.01 to 0.06 U/min) or norepinephrine (10 to 60 μg/min) to maintain arterial pressure. The primary endpoint was a composite of mortality or severe complications (stroke, requirement for mechanical ventilation for longer than 48 h, deep sternal wound infection, reoperation, or acute renal failure) within 30 days.ResultsA total of 330 patients were randomized, and 300 were infused with one of the study drugs (vasopressin, 149; norepinephrine, 151). The primary outcome occurred in 32% of the vasopressin patients and in 49% of the norepinephrine patients (unadjusted hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.80; P = 0.0014). Regarding adverse events, the authors found a lower occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the vasopressin group (63.8% vs. 82.1%; P = 0.0004) and no difference between groups in the rates of digital ischemia, mesenteric ischemia, hyponatremia, and myocardial infarction.ConclusionsThe authors' results suggest that vasopressin can be used as a first-line vasopressor agent in postcardiac surgery vasoplegic shock and improves clinical outcomes.

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