Ugeskrift for laeger
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Ugeskrift for laeger · Feb 2007
Review[Medical treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting].
Patients consider nausea and vomiting among the worst side effects of chemotherapy. This paper reviews the development of antiemetics during the past 12 years, focusing on the neurokinin (NK)1-receptor antagonist, aprepitant, and the new 5-HT3-receptor antagonist palonosetron. ⋯ Antiemetics are effective in prevention of vomiting, but less effective against nausea. Therefore studies with potential new antiemetics, such as olanzapine and ghrelin are awaited with suspense.
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Ugeskrift for laeger · Feb 2007
Review[Antibiotic strategies in the treatment of infection in critically ill patients].
Inappropriate antimicrobial therapy of pneumonia, severe sepsis and bacteraemia is associated with high mortality. Adjustment of insufficient initial antibiotics after susceptibility testing does not reduce mortality. ⋯ The initial broad-spectrum should be narrowed according to bacterial susceptibility data. This evidence-based intervention ensures appropriate antimicrobial treatment to critically ill patients to improve outcome and reduction of the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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The practice of paediatric intensive care has matured dramatically over the past 20 years with improving intensive care unit mortality rates and a positive effect on child survival. This paper gives an overview of many of these aspects, and attempts to present a picture of the present situation in Denmark. ⋯ In Denmark, critically ill children are cared for in at least 27 primarily adult intensive care units by nurses and doctors who are not specifically trained in paediatric intensive care. Suggestions for a more centralisation of paediatric intensive care in Denmark are made.