Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico
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Central lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common. But the association between primary tumor characteristics and specific features of metastatic lymph nodes in PTC has not been fully identified. Determining risk factors for LNM may help surgeons determine rational extent of lymph node dissection. ⋯ For patients with pre-operative risk factors of LNM, an accurate preoperative evaluation of central compartment or lateral compartment is needed to find suspicious lymph nodes. And prophylactic lymph node dissection should be performed in patients with high risk of CLNM. Moreover, we suggest performing close follow-up for patients with high risk of RFS.
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Review Case Reports
Multiple sclerosis outcomes after cancer immunotherapy.
Neurological immune-related adverse events are a rare but potentially deadly complication after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. As multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease, it is unknown how ICI treatment may affect outcomes. ⋯ Reported MS relapses after ICI are rare, but the adverse events described include rapid neurologic progression and death. Larger and prospective studies are warranted to assess disability and long-term outcomes and outweigh the risks of starting immunotherapy in patients with MS.
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The primary standard treatment for classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, some patients get relapsed, or their diseases become resistant. PD1 blocking antibodies have been used to increase the response of treatment in solid tumors, and led to potentially stable responses that are acceptable. Our purpose in this study is to investigate the effect of nivolumab as a PD1 blocking antibody on the survival rate of patients with Hodgkin's cancer. ⋯ The results of the study indicate that nivolumab as a PD1 pathway inhibitor can be effective in treating relapsed and refractory cHL patients compared to other therapies, and lead to more effective treatment over the long term. Furthermore, the adverse effects of nivolumab are controllable and have a good safety profile.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasia of the liver. There have been tremendous efforts in the development of therapeutic strategies in the last decades. As opposed to other cancer entities immunotherapy has just recently gained popularity in HCC. ⋯ Afterwards we will critically analyse the recently published trials with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in HCC either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities. The higher focus will be on clinical rather than preclinical studies. Nevertheless, the strengths and limits of PD-1/PD-L1 axis in both prognosis and therapy of HCC will be highlighted.
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Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has remained challenging to treat effectively. This study aimed to investigate the clinical effects and safety of immunotherapy with dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) administered with chemotherapy (CT) in this malignancy. ⋯ DC-CIK combined with chemotherapy administration resulted in numerically superior PFS and OS compared with monotherapy in advanced NSCLC.