International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics : the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Jun 1999
Review Practice Guideline GuidelineACOG committee opinion. Ethical issues related to expert testimony by obstetricians and gynecologists. Number 217, April 1999 (replaces number 56, October 1987). Committee on Ethics. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Jun 1999
Review Practice Guideline GuidelineACOG committee opinion. Sterilization of women, including those with mental disabilities. Number 216, April 1999 (replaces number 63, September 1988, and number 73, September 1989). Committee on Ethics. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
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Pulse oximetry is widely used to monitor the patient's well-being in anesthetic and neonatal practice. As a result of recent technologic and theoretical advances, it has emerged as a clinical tool in intrapartum fetal monitoring. Oximeters record both pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation of the fetus and they may be adapted to derive an estimate of peripheral perfusion. ⋯ Fetal pulse oximetry is limited by a wide normal range and inadequate calibration. The amniochorionic membranes however do not affect oximetry readings so that this method may be applied before rupture of the membranes, i.e. before labor. Once successfully developed, fetal pulse oximetry could potentially be used in combination with other monitoring techniques to reduce instrumental and operative interventions during labor and improve perinatal outcome.
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During the 1960s birth control was seen as the only means of curbing the very rapid population growth that resulted from decreased mortality without a parallel decrease in fertility. Birth control was considered such a priority that the means used to achieve it were not always respectful of human rights, and, for the same reason, it did not work as expected. ⋯ This led to the understanding that a reproductive health care approach was a more efficient way to achieve people's wellbeing and, at the same time, to reduce fertility. The need for greater dialog between women/clients and men/providers is emphasized.