Chest
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s: To examine the effects of low arterial BP (ABP) during reperfusion on the extent of myocardial infarction and on coronary blood flow (CBF) in an occlusion/reperfusion experimental model. ⋯ Low ABP during reperfusion increases the size of myocardial infarction and decreases CBF.
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To evaluate the tolerability and to find predictors of treatment success for an individually adjusted, one-piece mandibular advancement device in patients with snoring and obstructive sleep apnea. ⋯ The mandibular advancement device is recommended for women with sleep apnea, for men with supine-dependent sleep apneas defined by a lateral apnea-hypopnea index of < 10, and for snorers without sleep apnea. Men who increase in weight during treatment reduce their chance of treatment success and are advised to be followed up with a new sleep apnea recording with the device.
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Microalbuminuria in diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients is related to impaired cardiopulmonary function during exercise, and that the severity of impairment is correlated with the degree of microalbuminuria. ⋯ Abnormalities reflecting reduced oxygen transport and impaired gas exchange efficiency were found during exercise, and were especially profound in patients with microalbuminuria. These changes could be secondary to pulmonary microangiopathy and myocardial interstitial changes. Increases in capillary permeability to proteins may take place in the myocardium as they do in the kidneys, and contribute to impaired myocardial distensibility and hence diastolic dysfunction.
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s: The impairment of cardiac contractility during endotoxemia involves induction of nitric oxide formation through a cascade of events initiated by overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines. We previously showed that hypothermia attenuates endotoxin-induced overexpression of nitric oxide in rat lungs. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that hypothermia protects against endotoxin-induced myocardial inflammation by changing the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting myeloperoxidase, an indicator of neutrophil activity, and inhibiting nitric oxide-mediated protein damage. ⋯ These data demonstrate that hypothermia induces an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, inhibits neutrophil aggregation, and inhibits the formation of nitric oxide during endotoxemia in the rat.
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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated bronchiolitis and diffuse panbronchiolitis might overlap. We examined whether these conditions can be differentiated by comparing their clinical features and the effect of long-term macrolide treatment. ⋯ These findings showed that the clinicopathologic features of the two conditions are quite similar, suggesting that diffuse panbronchiolitis is a chronic pulmonary manifestation of HTLV-1 infection. However, HTLV-1-associated bronchiolitis might be associated with conditions that are distinct from those of diffuse panbronchiolitis based on the different responses to macrolide treatment and the difference in the number of activated T cells bearing IL-2R in the lungs.