Anesthesiology
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Editorial Comment
Indicators of recovery of neuromuscular function: time for change?
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Sweating, vasoconstriction, and shivering have been observed during general anesthesia. Among these, vasoconstriction is especially important because-once triggered-it minimizes further hypothermia. Surprisingly, the core-temperature plateau associated with vasoconstriction appears to preserve core temperature better in infants and children than adults. This observation suggests that vasoconstriction in anesthetized infants may be accompanied by hypermetabolism. Consistent with this theory, unanesthetized infants rely on nonshivering thermogenesis to double heat production when vasoconstriction alone is insufficient. Accordingly, the authors tested the hypothesis that intraoperative core hypothermia triggers nonshivering thermogenesis in infants. ⋯ Even at core temperatures approximately 2 degrees C below the vasoconstriction threshold, there was no evidence of nonshivering thermogenesis. This finding is surprising because all other major thermoregulatory responses have been detected during anesthesia. Infants and children thus appear similar to adults in being unable to increase metabolic rate in response to mild intraoperative hypothermia.
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Recovery of the train-of-four (TOF) ratio to a value > 0.70 is synonymous with adequate return of neuromuscular function, but there is little information available concerning the subjective experience that accompanies residual neuromuscular block wherein the TOF ratio is in the range of 0.70 to 0.90. ⋯ All subjects had significant signs and symptoms of residual block at a TOF ratio of 0.70; none considered themselves remotely "street ready" at this time. The authors believe that satisfactory recovery of neuromuscular function after mivacurium-induced neuromuscular block requires return of the TOF ratio to a value > 0.90 and ideally to unity.
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Patients with mitral valve disease (MVD) are at greater risk for respiratory complications after cardiac surgery compared with patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The authors hypothesized that ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) inequality is more pronounced in patients with MVD before and after induction of anesthesia and during and after surgery when extracorporeal circulation (ECC) is used. ⋯ Qs/Qr is the main pathophysiologic mechanism of gas exchange impairment during cardiac surgery for MVD or CAD. Impairment of pulmonary gas exchange secondary to general anesthesia, cardiac surgery, and ECC are comparable for patients undergoing myocardial revascularization or mitral valve surgery.