Anesthesiology
-
Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new propofol prodrug GPI 15715 and propofol emulsion.
GPI 15715 is a new water-soluble prodrug that is hydrolyzed to release propofol. The objectives of this crossover study in volunteers were to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GPI 15715 in comparison with propofol emulsion. ⋯ Compared with propofol emulsion, propofol from GPI 15715 showed different pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, particularly a higher potency with respect to concentration. These differences may indicate an influence of the formulation.
-
Rapid flushing of radial artery catheters may result in retrograde embolization of air into the cerebral circulation. This study examined the incidence of central air embolization during and after flushing of an arterial pressure monitoring system. ⋯ Retrograde air embolization is a rare event after routine radial artery catheter flushing in adult patients with stable hemodynamic conditions.
-
Depression of myocardial contractility as a result of isoflurane appears to be greater in myocardial hypertrophy, and the cellular basis for this difference in susceptibility is not clear. In this study we examined the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on contractility and intracellular calcium in an animal model of pressure-overload hypertrophy. ⋯ These results suggest that changes in [Ca]i and altered calcium sensitivity are both responsible for the exaggerated effects of some volatile anesthetics on contractility in pressure-overload hypertrophy.
-
Comparative Study
Inhibitory effects of the anesthetics propofol and sevoflurane on spontaneous lymphatic vessel activity in rats.
The effects of propofol and sevoflurane on lymphatic vessel activity are unknown. This study aimed to clarify the effects of these anesthetics on lymphatic vessel activity in rats by the use of a technique for mechanical removal of the endothelium. ⋯ Propofol and sevoflurane seem to have some different effects on endothelial function, which regulates the pacemaking of spontaneous contraction of lymphatic vessels.
-
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of varying large crystalloid infusion volumes, ranging from a volume that has been safely administered to volunteers to a volume that greatly exceeds a practical volume for studies in normovolemic humans, of rapidly infused 0.9% saline on the elimination rate constant in sheep. ⋯ Elimination from the central fluid space of large, rapidly infused volumes of saline solution is independent of infused volume. Larger volumes are apparently cleared from the central fluid space (V1) by expansion of a peripheral volume (V2) as renal excretion fails to increase in proportion to the volume of infused fluid.