Anesthesia and analgesia
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2016
Primary Spoken Language and Neuraxial Labor Analgesia Use Among Hispanic Medicaid Recipients.
Hispanic women are less likely than non-Hispanic Caucasian women to use neuraxial labor analgesia. It is unknown whether there is a disparity in anticipated or actual use of neuraxial labor analgesia among Hispanic women based on primary language (English versus Spanish). ⋯ A language-based disparity was found in neuraxial labor analgesia use. It is possible that there are communication barriers in knowledge or understanding of analgesic options. Further research is necessary to determine the cause of this association.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2016
Observational StudyIntraoperative Electroencephalogram Suppression Predicts Postoperative Delirium.
Postoperative delirium is a common complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality, longer hospital stays, and greater health care expenditures. Intraoperative electroencephalogram (EEG) slowing has been associated previously with postoperative delirium, but the relationship between intraoperative EEG suppression and postoperative delirium has not been investigated. ⋯ EEG suppression is an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium. Future studies should investigate whether anesthesia titration to minimize EEG suppression decreases the incidence of postoperative delirium. This is a substudy of the Systematic Assessment and Targeted Improvement of Services Following Yearlong Surgical Outcomes Surveys (SATISFY-SOS) surgical outcomes registry (NCT02032030).
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2016
Observational StudyAn Observational Study of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity During Hypotensive Epidural Anesthesia.
Hypotensive epidural anesthesia (HEA), as practiced at our institution, uses sympathetic blockade to achieve mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of ≤50 mm Hg while administering epinephrine by infusion to support the circulation. HEA has not been associated with gross adverse effects on neurologic outcome or cognitive function in the postoperative period, suggesting adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, the use of MAPs well below the commonly accepted lower limit of CBF autoregulation suggests that CBF should be significantly reduced below normal levels. To examine these conflicting hypotheses, we performed a prospective investigation of the effects of HEA on CBF velocity (CBFV), an accepted index of cerebral perfusion. ⋯ Both hypotheses proved partially correct. CBFV was sometimes well maintained during HEA, despite MAPs well below the commonly accepted lower limit of autoregulation. However, there was considerable interindividual heterogeneity with 23% of subjects having CBFV reductions >20% (99% lower confidence limit: 9%), with some reductions approaching the threshold for ischemic injury. The present data do not allow us to determine whether hypotension would be similarly tolerated in other circumstances.
-
Anesthesia and analgesia · Jan 2016
Clinical TrialSwallowing Impairment During Propofol Target-Controlled Infusion.
Sedatives can impair the swallowing process. We assessed the incidence and severity of swallowing impairment in patients sedated with propofol at clinically relevant doses. We also identified factors that were predictive of swallowing impairment. ⋯ Aspiration due to swallowing impairment may occur during deep sedation produced by propofol at commonly used TCI targets. TCI targets are predictors of swallowing impairment; increased age and high BMI are concomitant risk factors.