Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2017
Comparative StudyAnalgesic Choice in Management of Rib Fractures: Paravertebral Block or Epidural Analgesia?
Rib fractures are commonly encountered in the setting of trauma. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the clinical outcome of rib fracture and epidural analgesia (EA) versus paravertebral block (PVB) using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). ⋯ Using the NTDB, EA and PVB were not found to be significantly different in management of rib fractures. There was an association between use of a block and improved outcome, but this could be explained by selection of healthier patients to receive a block. Prospective study of this association is recommended.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2017
Observational StudyAn Observational Assessment of Anesthesia Capacity in Madagascar as a Prerequisite to the Development of a National Surgical Plan.
The global lack of anesthesia capacity is well described, but country-specific data are needed to provide country-specific solutions. We aimed to assess anesthesia capacity in Madagascar as part of the development of a Ministry of Health national surgical plan. ⋯ Improving anesthesia care is complex. Capacity assessment is a first step that would enable progress to be tracked against specific targets. In Madagascar, scale-up of the anesthesia workforce, investment in infrastructure and equipment, and improvement in medication supply-chain management are needed to attain minimal international standards. Data from this study were presented to the Ministry of Health for inclusion in the development of a national surgical plan, together with recommendations for the needed improvements in the delivery of anesthesia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2017
ReviewSubcellular Energetics and Metabolism: A Cross-Species Framework.
Although it is generally believed that oxidative phosphorylation and adequate oxygenation are essential for life, human development occurs in a profoundly hypoxic environment and "normal" levels of oxygen during embryogenesis are even harmful. The ability of embryos not only to survive but also to thrive in such an environment is made possible by adaptations related to metabolic pathways. ⋯ Many biological states, both normal and pathological, share underlying similarities related to metabolism, the electron transport chain, and reactive species. The purpose of Part I of this review is to review the similarities among embryogenesis, mammalian adaptions to hypoxia (primarily driven by hypoxia-inducible factor-1), ischemia-reperfusion injury (and its relationship with reactive oxygen species), hibernation, diving animals, cancer, and sepsis, with a particular focus on the common characteristics that allow cells and organisms to survive in these states.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2017
Observational StudyHaptoglobin Administration in Cardiovascular Surgery Patients: Its Association With the Risk of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) often occurs after cardiac surgery. During cardiac surgery, plasma free hemoglobin (fHb) would increase due to hemolysis. Since plasma fHb is thought to be nephrotoxic, haptoglobin, which is an fHb scavenger, may have the potential to prevent postoperative AKI (pAKI). However, there have been few studies in which the association of intraoperative administration of haptoglobin with the incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery was assessed. ⋯ In this hypothesis-generating, single-center retrospective observational study, intraoperative administration of haptoglobin was independently associated with lower risk of AKI after cardiovascular surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2017
Choice of Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: An Analysis of the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry.
Neuraxial anesthesia use in cesarean deliveries (CDs) has been rising since the 1980s, whereas general anesthesia (GA) use has been declining. In this brief report we analyzed recent obstetric anesthesia practice patterns using National Anesthesiology Clinical Outcomes Registry data. ⋯ GA was used in 5.8% of all CDs and 14.6% of emergent CDs. Higher rates of GA use were observed in CDs performed in university hospitals, after hours and on weekends, and on patients who were American Society of Anesthesiologists class III or higher and 18 years of age or younger.