Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2024
Contribution of basal ganglia activity to REM sleep disorder in Parkinson's disease.
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is one of the most common sleep problems and represents a key prodromal marker in Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unclear whether and how basal ganglia nuclei, structures that are directly involved in the pathology of PD, are implicated in the occurrence of RBD. ⋯ These findings support that basal ganglia activities are associated with if not directly contribute to the occurrence of RBD in PD. Our study expands the understanding of the role basal ganglia played in RBD and may foster improved therapies for RBD by interrupting the basal ganglia-muscular communication during REM sleep in PD.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2024
Increased apathy post-interstitial laser capsulotomy for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.
MRI guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (M-LITT) capsulotomy has proven to be efficacious in decreasing refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) related symptomatology yet capsulotomy either via radiosurgery or radiofrequency ablation has in some patients led to increased apathy following surgery. The current case series aims to investigate objective patient-reported change in apathy, disinhibition, depression, and executive dysfunction following anterior capsulotomy via M-LITT for OCD. ⋯ Most patients in the current cohort achieved full-or-partial OCD recovery. Yet, 60% of patients also reported significant increases in apathy, despite experiencing a decrease in depression symptoms, with stable disinhibition and executive dysfunction. Despite these promising improvements in OCD symptomatology following M-LITT, further investigations of the impact of surgery and lesion location on apathy levels is clearly warranted using objective, quantifiable methods.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2024
Meta AnalysisEffectiveness of conservative non-pharmacological interventions in people with muscular dystrophies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Management of muscular dystrophies (MD) relies on conservative non-pharmacological treatments, but evidence of their effectiveness is limited and inconclusive. ⋯ Low-quality evidence suggests that strength training, with or without other exercise interventions, may improve perceived exertion, distal upper limb function, static and dynamic balance, gait and well-being in MD. Although more robust and larger studies are needed, current evidence supports the inclusion of strength training in MD treatment, as it was found to be safe.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Apr 2024
Binary reversals: a diagnostic sign in primary progressive aphasia.
Binary reversals (exemplified by 'yes'/'no' confusions) have been described in patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA) but their diagnostic value and phenotypic correlates have not been defined. ⋯ Binary reversals are a sensitive (though not specific) neurolinguistic feature of nfvPPA, and should suggest this diagnosis if present as a prominent early symptom.