JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
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Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) can progress to active tuberculosis disease, causing morbidity and mortality. ⋯ No studies directly evaluated the benefits and harms of screening for LTBI compared with no screening. TST and IGRAs were moderately sensitive and highly specific. Treatment of LTBI with recommended regimens reduced the risk of progression to active tuberculosis. Isoniazid was associated with higher rates of hepatotoxicity than placebo or rifampin.
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Prediabetes, an intermediate stage between normal glucose regulation and diabetes, affects 1 in 3 adults in the US and approximately 720 million individuals worldwide. ⋯ Prediabetes is associated with increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular events, and mortality. First-line therapy for prediabetes is lifestyle modification that includes weight loss and exercise or metformin. Lifestyle modification is associated with a larger benefit than metformin.
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Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Does This Child With High Blood Pressure Have Secondary Hypertension?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
Guidelines recommend that all children and adolescents with hypertension undergo evaluation for secondary causes. Identifying clinical factors associated with secondary hypertension may decrease unnecessary testing for those with primary hypertension. ⋯ Family history of secondary hypertension, younger age, lower body weight, and increased blood pressure load using 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were associated with a higher likelihood of secondary hypertension. No individual sign or symptom definitively differentiates secondary hypertension from primary hypertension.