Pain
-
We have reviewed 293 papers published since 1950 to assess the evidence of effect of ultrasound in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Twenty-two clinical papers describing trials comparing ultrasound treatment with sham-ultrasound treated, non-ultrasound treatment and untreated groups were found. These papers were evaluated with respect to a list of criteria which should be met in this type of trial. ⋯ An analysis of the effect of proper randomisation on the result was not possible because of inadequate description of the methods used. We conclude that the use of ultrasound in treatment of musculoskeletal disorders is based on empirical experience, but is lacking firm evidence from well-designed controlled studies. One question remaining is whether ultrasound treatment can augment an effect of exercise therapy with respect to musculoskeletal disorders.