Spine
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Examining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: comparing results of randomized trials and nonrandomized studies of interventions for low back pain.
Literature review. ⋯ Comparisons between RCTs and NRSs may be influenced by various factors, including study design. However, other factors were more powerful explanatory variables than study design. These factors included pain duration, involvement of workers' compensation, presence of spondylolisthesis, previous surgery, and levels fused.