Spine
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Case report of a patient with atlantoaxial subluxation who underwent posterior cervical fixation. ⋯ N/A.
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Retrospective review of prospectively collected surgical data. ⋯ 4.
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Genetic engineering techniques were used to develop an animal model of juvenile scoliosis during a postnatal skeletal-growth stage. ⋯ N/A.
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Laboratory study. ⋯ SP upregulates inflammatory mediators in disc cells. SP and its receptors were expressed in both NP and AF cells, and expression did not change after treatment with SP but increased after treatment with IL-1β/TNF-α. SP likely acts in an autocrine or paracrine manner in intervertebral disc cells and may be involved in "crosstalk" between disc cells and neurons, providing a potential mechanism for transmission of painful discogenic stimuli.