Spine
-
Retrospective case series. ⋯ 3.
-
Matched cohort comparison. ⋯ 3.
-
Cross-sectional, questionnaire study. ⋯ Findings highlight extreme variability in practice associated with a notable lack of standard of care and provide a baseline for utility studies that may lead to more evidence-driven care.
-
A retrospective study. ⋯ 4.
-
A biomechanical human cadaveric study. ⋯ Destabilization of both the facet complex and disc was required to achieve anterior listhesis of 3.1 mm consistent with a grade 1 DLS under an applied shear force of 250 N. Sufficient listhesis was measured without radical specimen resection. Important anatomical structures for supporting spinal instrumentation were preserved such that this model can be used in future to characterize behavior of novel instrumentation prior to clinical trials.