Spine
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This prospective observational study included 22 patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic degenerative disc disease treated via artificial disc replacement (ADR) with a laparoscopic technique. ⋯ Lumbar ADR using a laparoscope represents a novel, minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic degenerative disc disease and severe lumbar discogenic pain.
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Systematic review. ⋯ 2.
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Retrospective study. ⋯ 3.
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Prospective clinical series. ⋯ N/A.
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An anatomic study of facet angle orientation and morphology of the lumbar spine was performed. ⋯ N/A.