Spine
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A retrospective database review. ⋯ 3.
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Prospective cohort study. ⋯ 3.
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The macrophage inhibition factor (MIF)-mediated CD74 dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation were associated with inflammatory activity and matrix metabolism in human degenerated cartilage endplate (CEP). Anabolic/catabolic factors in pathogenesis of CEP degeneration were evaluated. ⋯ N/A.
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Survey. ⋯ 4.
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Prospective Clinical Pilot tudy OBJECTIVE.: To confirm the accuracy of thoracic pedicle screw placement by using the unilateral spinous non-covering hook type patient-specific drill template (PSDT) made through rapid prototyping (RP) and to analyze previously reported PSDT designs and their characteristics. ⋯ 5.