Spine
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Retrospective cohort study. ⋯ IV.
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A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/EMBASE/MEDLINE databases. Inclusion criteria included publications between January 2011 and December 2022 on CM diagnosis classification, natural history, and conservative management. ⋯ Further higher-quality studies are recommended to establish more substantial evidence and recommendations.
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Retrospective cohort study. ⋯ Receiving ketorolac within two days after ACDF does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of pseudoarthrosis through four years follow-up in adults. Furthermore, there appears to be no meaningful difference in risk of reoperation, severe bleeding, and oral opioid prescriptions, although secondary outcomes should be interpreted with caution. Further corroboration is warranted.