Psychoneuroendocrinology
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Psychoneuroendocrinology · Jan 2016
Review Meta Analysis Comparative StudyAre leptin levels increased among people with schizophrenia versus controls? A systematic review and comparative meta-analysis.
Leptin may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and it remains unclear if levels are raised compared to controls. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing leptin levels among people with schizophrenia and controls. ⋯ Our results suggest that schizophrenia is associated with increased blood leptin levels compared to controls, which may not be entirely attributable to antipsychotic medication or BMI. Other illness related and lifestyle choices may play a pivotal role.
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Psychoneuroendocrinology · Jun 2015
Review Meta AnalysisPlasma adiponectin levels in schizophrenia and role of second-generation antipsychotics: a meta-analysis.
People with schizophrenia are more likely than general population to suffer from metabolic abnormalities, with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) increasing the risk. Low plasma adiponectin levels may lead to metabolic dysregulations but evidence in people with schizophrenia, especially for the role of SGAs, is still inconclusive. ⋯ People with schizophrenia per se may not have levels of adiponectin lower than controls, though treatment with SGAs is associated with this metabolic abnormality. This bears clinical significance because of hypoadiponectinemia involvement in cardiovascular diseases, even if mechanisms whereby SGAs affect adiponectin remain unexplained. Longitudinal studies evaluating long-term effects of SGAs on adiponectin are needed.
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Psychoneuroendocrinology · Nov 2014
Meta AnalysisMorning cortisol levels in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis.
Increased peripheral levels of morning cortisol have been reported in people with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), but findings are inconsistent and few studies have conducted direct comparisons of these disorders. We undertook a meta-analysis of studies examining single measures of morning cortisol (before 10 a.m.) levels in SZ or BD, compared to controls, and to each other; we also sought to examine likely moderators of any observed effects by clinical and demographic variables. Included studies were obtained via systematic searches conducted using Medline, BIOSIS Previews and Embase databases, as well as hand searching. ⋯ However, earlier greater increases in SZ morning cortisol were evident in samples taken before 8 a.m. (relative to those taken after 8 a.m.). Multiple meta-regression showed that medication status was significantly associated with morning cortisol levels in SZ, when the effects of assay method, sampling time and illness stage were held constant. Heightened levels of morning cortisol in SZ and BD suggest long-term pathology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that may reflect a shared process of illness development in line with current stress-vulnerability models.