American journal of preventive medicine
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Human papillomavirus vaccine school entry requirements may be an opportunity to improve the low rates of human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescents. This study evaluates changes in provider-verified human papillomavirus vaccine uptake by age 13 years for adolescents in Rhode Island compared with all other states from 2011 to 2017. ⋯ The Rhode Island school entry requirement for human papillomavirus vaccination improved rates of vaccine uptake among boys and may be a useful option for improving human papillomavirus vaccination nationally.
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Medical graduates increasingly need public health skills to equip them to face the challenges of healthcare practice in the 21st century; however, incorporating public health learning within medical degrees remains a challenge. This paper describes the process and preliminary outcomes of the transformation, between 2016 and 2019, of a 5-week public health module taught within an undergraduate medical degree in New Zealand. The previous course consisted of a research project and standalone lectures on public health topics. ⋯ A combination of individual- and population-level case scenarios aim to help students understand the context of health, think critically about determinants of health and health inequities, and develop skills in disease prevention, health promotion, and system change that are relevant to their future clinical careers. The new module is based on contemporary medical education theory, emphasizes reflective practice, and is integrated with other learning in the degree. It challenges students to understand the relevance of public health to every aspect of medicine and equips them with the skills needed to act to improve population health and reduce inequities as health professionals and leaders of the future.
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Review Meta Analysis
Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Meta-Analysis.
The study aims to quantitatively assess the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born preterm or with low birth weight. ⋯ These findings suggest an association between preterm birth and lowered immune responses to hepatitis B vaccine.
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Growing evidence documents strong associations between volunteering and favorable health and well-being outcomes. However, epidemiological studies have not evaluated whether changes in volunteering are associated with subsequent health and well-being outcomes. ⋯ With further research, volunteering is an activity that physicians might suggest to their willing and able patients as a way of simultaneously enhancing health and society.
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This study estimates the health, economic, and budgetary impact resulting from graduated sodium reductions in the commercially produced food supply of the U.S., which are consistent with draft U.S. Food and Drug Administration voluntary guidance and correspond to Healthy People 2020 objectives and the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. ⋯ Systemic sodium reductions in the U.S. food supply can be expected to produce substantial health and economic benefits over a 10-year period, particularly for Medicare and private insurers.