Nutrition
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Comparative Study
Histopathologic effects of lipid content of enteral solutions after pulmonary aspiration in rats.
We compared the pulmonary histopathologic effects of different enteral formulas with various lipid contents during the subacute period of aspiration in rats. ⋯ The pulmonary histopathologic effects of aspiration of Impact were severe peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration (greater than aspiration of Biosorb and Pulmocare), abundant alveolar histiocytes, and alveolar edema in comparison with aspiration of saline, even though Impact had the lowest lipid content of all studied formulas. We concluded that the tissue damage occurring after pulmonary aspiration of Impact is more severe than after aspiration of Pulmocare.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether fructooligosaccharides (FOS) exert an immunomodulating effect on Peyer's patches (PP), the main inductive site of the intestinal immune system. We investigated the effects of FOS in healthy and endotoxemic animals. ⋯ FOS showed an immunostimulating effect on PP lymphocytes under healthy and endotoxemic conditions. Thus it can be concluded that FOS administration affects not only the large intestine but also the main inductive part of the mucosal immune system in the small intestine.
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Exercise markedly increases oxygen uptake by active muscles and consequently increases generation of reactive oxygen species. A dietary deficiency in selenium (Se) can increase the sensitivity of the living system to oxidative stress. delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are sulfhydryl-containing enzymes, and their activities are sensitive to the presence of oxidizing agents. We investigated the effect of Se deficiency and supplementation on delta-ALA-D, SDH, and LDH activities in mice subjected to swim training for 8 wk. ⋯ These results indicated that exercise associated with dietary Se deficiency can inhibit the production of thiol-containing enzymes, delta-ALA-D and SDH, from different tissues; however, LDH activity was not changed. The decrease in enzyme activities can be tentatively attributed to oxidation of thiol groups by the reactive oxygen species produced by exercise.
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The intervening effects of nutrition status on school attendance rates among Kenyan middle school pupils were assessed. The study also examined the effects of nutrition status on primary school achievement scores for the eighth-grade class of 1997. ⋯ Prevalence of nutritional stress is a significant educational problem in this population. The association between attendance rate and nutrition status is a function of socioeconomic status. The predictive effect of nutrition status on educational achievement is more evident for girls with poor socioeconomic status.
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We investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on energy metabolism in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. ⋯ These results demonstrated that the hypolipidemic effect and the enhancement of energy metabolism by CLA can be attributed to the effect of the 10t,12c-CLA isomer.