Nutrition
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Osteoporosis is associated with genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this article was to determine how the polygenic risk scores (PRS) of genetic variants that affect osteoporosis and its related signaling interact with the lifestyle of middle-aged adults. ⋯ Carriers with high PRSBM increased susceptibility to osteoporosis, especially in low coffee and caffeine intake. The results can be applied to personalized nutrition for lowering the risk for osteoporosis.
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The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) was proposed to provide a common malnutrition diagnostic framework. The aims of this study were to evaluate the applicability and validity of the GLIM and use machine-learning techniques to help provide the best malnutrition-related variables/combinations to predict complications in patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) surgeries. ⋯ The various GLIM combinations provided different rates of malnutrition according to the population. Machine-learning techniques supported the use of common single variables and one GLIM model to predict postoperative complications.
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Physical inactivity (PIn) and a fatty diet (FD) are closely linked to development of metabolic syndrome (MetS), overloading the endocrine pancreas seeking energy homeostasis. However, the relative contribution of FD and PIn to the pancreatic overload is unknown. The aim of this study was to verify the isolated and conjugated influence of FD and PIn in the islets of Langer hans (islets) structure and function related to overload in Wistar rats. ⋯ FD induced MS with detrimental effects on pancreas overload, inducing islets morphologic and functional maladaptation, which were attenuated in active animals. Physical activity was not able to prevent FD-induced MS. FD showed a negative influence on GT, whereas PIn mainly affected IS.
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The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been related to reduced overall mortality and improved disease outcome. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of the MedDiet on hospital length of stay (LOS), financial cost, and mortality (from hospitalization up to 24 mo afterward) in hospitalized patients >65 y of age. ⋯ Adoption of the MedDiet decreases duration of admission and long-term mortality in hospitalized patients >65 y of age, with parallel reduction of relevant financial costs.
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We investigated the nutritional status and clinical outcomes of patients with cancer based on their energy intake after nutritional recommendations. ⋯ Patients with cancer who comply with a moderate energy intake recommendation (50%-79%) within at least 28 d may limit body weight decrease and improve nutritional status and clinical outcomes.