Nutrition
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is seriously threatening public health and setting off huge economic crises across the world. In the absence of specific drugs for COVID-19, there is an urgent need to look for alternative approaches. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to review the roles of micronutrients and bioactive substances as potential alternative approaches in combating COVID-19. ⋯ The roles of micronutrients and bioactive substances in the fight against COVID-19 are exciting areas of research. This review may suggest directions for further study.
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High-flow nasal-cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is increasingly used in the management of respiratory distress. Since this treatment may be required for many days and may impair nutritional intake, this study planned to observe the energy and protein intake of individuals receiving this therapy. ⋯ Administration of HFNC oxygen therapy was associated with significant underfeeding. In order to reach optimal caloric and protein intake, parenteral nutrition may be considered.
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Obesity is an important cause of morbidity and mortality due to its close association with metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. According to the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease hypothesis, obesity is likely caused by epigenetic changes. Recent studies have shown an association between epigenetic dysregulation of certain genes and obesity. ⋯ These phytochemicals are known for their antioxidant effects but they also modify epigenetic mechanisms. These phytochemicals may have a therapeutic potential in the management of obesity. The aim of this study was to review the epigenetic effects of certain phytochemicals on the expression of obesity-related genes.
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Aggressive nutrition therapy is essential to improve nutrition and function in patients with malnutrition and sarcopenia. Malnutrition and sarcopenia negatively affect functional recovery and activities of daily living. Nutrition improvement is associated with better functional recovery. ⋯ Aggressive nutrition therapy should be combined with aggressive exercise and rehabilitation. Enhanced nutritional therapy combined with rehabilitation in patients with cerebrovascular disease, hip fracture, or acute disease is recommended in the 2018 clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation nutrition. Further evidence for aggressive nutrition therapy is however required.