Journal of anesthesia
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Journal of anesthesia · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialThe impact of two arterial catheters, different in diameter and length, on postcannulation radial artery diameter, blood flow, and occlusion in atherosclerotic patients.
Arterial cannulation is a common intervention in anesthesia practice. However, the success rates and complications of radial arterial cannulation with 20-G or smaller catheters in patients with atherosclerosis have been underevaluated. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the efficacy of and complications with 20- and 22-G catheters for radial arterial cannulation in atherosclerotic patients. ⋯ A 22-gauge catheter for radial arterial cannulation in patients with atherosclerosis provides unchanged postcannulated radial artery diameter, decreases postcannulation complications, and improves the first-attempt success rate.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyIsoflurane and sevoflurane decrease entropy indices more than halothane at equal MAC values.
Recently, bispectral index (BIS) values were demonstrated to be different for various anesthetics as a result of differential effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Entropy is similar to the BIS monitor, as both process raw EEG to derive a number. We hypothesized that entropy may also be anesthetic agent-specific. ⋯ During the study period, for a given MAC value, both RE and SE remained low in the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups compared to the halothane group. For a given MAC, the RE and SE were comparable during wash-in and wash-out phases. Halothane produced higher entropy values as compared to isoflurane and sevoflurane at equivalent MAC levels.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialPreoperative fluid and electrolyte management with oral rehydration therapy.
We hypothesized that oral rehydration therapy using an oral rehydration solution may be effective for preoperative fluid and electrolyte management in surgical patients before the induction of general anesthesia, and we investigated the safety and effectiveness of oral rehydration therapy as compared with intravenous therapy. ⋯ The results suggest that the oral rehydration therapy with an oral rehydration solution before surgery is superior to the current preoperative intravenous therapy for the provision of water, electrolytes, and carbohydrates, and this therapy should be considered as an alternative to the intravenous therapy for preoperative fluid and electrolyte management in selected surgical patients in whom there is no reason to suspect delayed gastric emptying.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialPremedication with dexmedetomidine and midazolam attenuates agitation after electroconvulsive therapy.
This study was designed to compare the effects of premedication with dexmedetomidine and midazolam on post-electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) agitation (which patients had experienced previously and had been resistant to treatment). In addition, we aimed to evaluate the duration of convulsion, the propofol requirement, the recovery time, and patients' satisfaction during and after ECT. ⋯ Premedication with low-dose intravenous dexmedetomidine, 0.5 microg x kg(-1) or midazolam, 0.025 mg x kg(-1) before ECT may be useful in managing treatment-resistant agitation after ECT, without adverse effects.
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Journal of anesthesia · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialA randomized study of the effects of perioperative i.v. lidocaine on hemodynamic and hormonal responses for cesarean section.
Intravenous infusion of lidocaine attenuates the stress response to surgery. We aimed to evaluate the effects of perioperative lidocaine on the hemodynamic and hormonal responses for cesarean delivery. ⋯ Perioperative lidocaine is safe and effective in attenuating the maternal stress response to surgery for cesarean delivery.