Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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HIV infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a nearly universal feature of untreated systemic HIV infection. While combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that suppresses systemic infection usually suppresses CNS (CNS) HIV infection, exceptions have been reported with discordance between CSF and blood HIV RNA concentrations such that CSF demonstrates higher HIV concentrations than blood, referred to as CSF HIV escape. Rarely, CSF HIV escape presents with neurological symptoms, called neurosymptomatic escape. ⋯ Recognition of these imaging characteristics-patchy subcortical white matter intensities and a perivascular pattern of enhancement-may be helpful in recognition and, along with other clinical information and CSF findings, in diagnosis of neurosymptomatic escape.
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We aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm for differentiation of cerebellar hemisphere tumors, combining Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis and structural imaging features. ⋯ In pretreatment differentiation of cerebellar tumors, the ADC histogram analysis is particularly helpful for distinction of medulloblastomas from other subtypes, and differentiation of the two most common adult tumors (ie, metastases and hemangioblastomas) from each other. Combination of structural imaging features and ADC histogram analysis can help with pretreatment differentiation of cerebellar tumors.
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This study evaluates the contribution of an automated amygdalar fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal analysis for the lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). ⋯ Amygdalar FLAIR analysis provides an additional metric by which to establish mTLE in those cases where hippocampal FLAIR and volume analysis have failed to provide lateralizing information.
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Computer-based analysis of Dopamine transporter imaging (DaTscan) can aid in image interpretation. In this study, we examined the distribution of putamen-to-caudate ratios (PCRs) obtained by using a clinically available semiquantification method. ⋯ Although PCR can intrinsically be a useful indication of disease, this ratio obtained in our analysis by using one of the clinically available automatic semiquantitative methods has large variability and might not be a reliable numeric marker in interpretation of [I-123]ioflupane studies. This may be due to difficulty in separating caudate from putamen on SPECT images, as well as the nonuniform decreased Ioflupane uptake in both putamen and caudate.
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Previous cross-sectional studies have reported the involvement of thalamus, pallidum, superior cerebellar peduncle, temporal cortex, and fronto-parietal white matter in multiple sclerosis (MS)-related fatigue. However, the longitudinal imaging correlates of fatigue severity variation in MS remain unclear. ⋯ The pallidal volume and the FA-RTC may be used to evaluate longitudinal fatigue severity variation. Our study proposes new biomarkers to monitor fatigue severity in MS patients.