Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging
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Change in lesion volume over time, measured on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, is an important outcome measure for natural history studies and clinical trials in multiple sclerosis (MS). ⋯ Use of the subtraction algorithm leads to improved reliability and lower operator fatigue in clinical trials and studies of the natural history of MS.
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Comparative Study
The Effect of Endogenous Adenosine on Neuronal Activity in Rats: An FDG PET Study.
2-(18) F-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is a glucose analog that is taken up by cells and phosphorylated. The amount of FDG accumulated by cells is a measure of the rate of glycolysis, which reflects cellular activity. As the levels and actions of the neuromodulator adenosine are dynamically regulated by neuronal activity, this study was designed to test whether endogenous adenosine affects tissue accumulation of FDG as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) or by postmortem analysis of tissue radioactivity. ⋯ Whole-brain FDG uptake was not affected by drug treatment. Significant regional hypometabolism was detected, particularly in cerebellum, of DPCPX- and ABT-702 treated rats, relative to vehicle-treated rats. Thus, endogenous adenosine can affect FDG accumulation although this effect is modest in quiescent rats.
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To evaluate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with and without executive functions deficits and healthy control subjects differ on cortical thickness and subcortical brain structures volume in vivo. ⋯ HIV-positive patients with executive functions deficits have reduced volumes of several subcortical structures, primarily in the caudate nucleus.
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Review
Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging of Glioma: Update on Current Imaging Status and Future Directions.
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) provides invaluable insight into glioma pathophysiology and internal tumoral architecture. The physical contribution of intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) may correspond to intralesional hemorrhage, calcification, or tumoral neovascularity. In this review, we present emerging evidence of ITSS for assessment of intratumoral calcification, grading of glioma, and factors influencing the pattern of ITSS in glioblastoma. ⋯ Significant higher concentration of gadolinium accumulates at the border of the tumoral invasion zone as seen on the SWI sequence; this results from contrast-induced phase shift that clearly delineates the tumor margin. Lastly, absence of ITSS may aid in differentiation between high-grade glioma and primary CNS lymphoma, which typically shows absence of ITSS. We conclude that SWI and CE-SWI are indispensable tools for diagnosis, preoperative grading, posttherapy surveillance, and assessment of glioma.
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Case Reports
Performance of CT Angiography on a Mobile Stroke Treatment Unit: Implications for Triage.
There is a strong inverse relationship between outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke from emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO), and time to reperfusion from intra-arterial therapy. Delay in transferring patients to thrombectomy-capable centers is currently a major limitation. The mobile stroke unit (MSU) concept with onboard portable computed tomography (CT) scanner enables rapid performance of CT angiography (CTA) of the intracranial vessels to detect ELVO in the field, and allows for rapid triage of patients to interventional-capable centers. ⋯ CTA is possible on an MSTU, enabling rapid detection and triage of ELVO cases directly to thrombectomy-capable centers, which significantly reduces time to endovascular treatment.