Das Gesundheitswesen
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Recommendations for Physical Activity Promotion: Theory and Evidence].
This article defines a framework for the development of recommendations for physical activity promotion. It aims to provide a theoretical foundation and rationale for classifications of physical activity promotion and approaches for the evidence base of recommendations. Perspectives from contrasting scientific disciplines were compared regarding their theoretical approach for physical activity promotion and their influence on possible classifications. ⋯ From a public health perspective, the use of integrative multi-level-models is fundamental as they can be combined both with different classifications, and individual, social, environmental and policy-based approaches. The evidence base should include the efficacy, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an intervention. The scientific and political rationale for recommendations for physical activity promotion can be supported by an explicit theoretical framework and a differentiated concept of an evidence base.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
[Preferred Medical Specialties of Medical Students in Contrast to the Need for General Practitioners in Saxony].
Aim of the study: Especially in the rural areas of Germany, there are not enough general practitioners (GPs) for primary care. Preferred medical specialties of medical students can help get an estimate of the number of future GPs. This study compares this estimate to the current need for GPs in Saxony. ⋯ The model calculations show that approximately 29% to 111% of the open positions for GPs could be filled by the potential new GPs from Dresden. Conclusion: Currently, medical students planning to become GPs cannot meet the corresponding need for GPs. Future studies should include the points of view of students, continuing education assistants, GPs and patients.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review Meta Analysis[Are Interventions Promoting Physical Activity Cost-Effective? A Systematic Review of Reviews].
On the basis of international published reviews, this systematic review aims to determine the health economic benefits of interventions promoting physical activity. This review of reviews is based on a systematic literature research in 10 databases (e. g. PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus) supplemented by hand searches from January 2000 to October 2015. ⋯ Results show favourable cost-effectiveness for interventions promoting physical activity, though significant differences in the effectiveness between various interventions were noticed. The greatest potential for cost-effectiveness can be seen in population-based interventions. At the same time, there is a need to acknowledge the limitations of the economic evidence in this field which are attributable to methodological challenges and research deficits.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Recommendations for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour for Children and Adolescents: Methods, Database and Rationale].
The benefits of physical activity and a reduction of sedentary behaviour in childhood and adolescence are well established. Based on a quality-assured literature review, the German recommendations were updated. ⋯ Preschool age children should have 180 min of physical activity daily, and from primary school age on, at least 90 min daily are recommended. Sedentary behaviour, especially time in front of screens, is to be reduced to a minimum.
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Das Gesundheitswesen · Mar 2017
Review[Quality Criteria for the Conception, Implementation and Evaluation of Interventions for Physical Activity Promotion: A State-Of-The-Art Review].
The success of an intervention for physical activity promotion depends not only on the use of an evidence-based approach, but also on the quality of its implementation in practice. Based on current recommendations from scientists and public health institutions, this state-of-the-art review summarizes the quality criteria for the conception, implementation and evaluation of interventions. A systematic literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Scopus. ⋯ From the selected documents, 18 quality criteria were defined (conception: 7, implementation: 7, evaluation: 4). This review provides evidence on the relevance of quality criteria within certain stages of an intervention. Future studies could compare the effect of quality criteria on the success of an intervention, or approach the topic from a health-economic perspective.