Paediatric anaesthesia
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2019
Optimizing clonidine dosage for sedation in mechanically ventilated children: A pharmacokinetic simulation study.
Clonidine is in widespread off-label use as a sedative in mechanically ventilated children, despite limited evidence of efficacy. A variety of dosage regimens have been utilized in clinical practice and in research studies. Within these studies, clonidine has inconsistently shown useful sedation properties. One of the reasons attributed to the inconsistent signs of efficacy is suboptimal clonidine dosing. ⋯ The variety of dosage regimens in the previous studies of clonidine along with difficulties in the conduct of interventional studies may have contributed to the lack of efficacy data to support its use. Simulations of clonidine plasma concentrations based on known population pharmacokinetic parameters suggest a loading dose followed by higher than current practice maintenance dose infusion is required to achieve adequate steady-state concentrations early in treatment. Further PKPD studies will aid in the determination of the optimal clonidine dosage regimen.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2019
Editorial CommentDosing clonidine for sedation in intensive care.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2019
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEffect of different fraction of inspired oxygen on development of atelectasis in mechanically ventilated children: A randomized controlled trial.
The use of high fraction of inspired oxygen (FI O2 ) can cause direct pulmonary toxicity and pulmonary complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different FI O2 on development of intraoperative atelectasis in mechanically ventilated children using lung ultrasound. ⋯ FI O2 did not affect significant atelectasis formation in mechanically ventilated children who received ultrasound-guided recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2019
Meta AnalysisSafety and efficacy of clonidine on postoperative vomiting and pain in pediatric ophthalmic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Postoperative vomiting and pain are common, unpleasant phenomena in pediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Clonidine has antiemetic and analgesic properties and thus may be used as premedication to reduce postoperative vomiting and pain. ⋯ Compared to placebo or benzodiazepine, clonidine premedication was effective in reducing postoperative vomiting in pediatric patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Clonidine premedication also provided more reduction in postoperative pain when compared to placebo. The use of clonidine premedication was not associated with adverse hemodynamic events.
-
Paediatric anaesthesia · Oct 2019
Multicenter StudyReal fasting times and incidence of pulmonary aspiration in children: Results of a German prospective multicenter observational study.
Prolonged fasting before anesthesia is still common in children. Shortened fasting times may improve the metabolic and hemodynamic condition during induction of anesthesia and the perioperative experience for parents and children and simplify perioperative management. As a consequence, some centers in Germany have reduced fasting requirements, but the national guidelines are still unchanged. ⋯ This study shows that prolonged fasting is still common in pediatric anesthesia in Germany that pulmonary aspiration with postoperative respiratory distress is rare and that improvements to current local fasting regimens and national fasting guidelines are urgently needed.