Neuroimaging clinics of North America
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Feb 2010
ReviewCurrent role of functional MRI in the diagnosis of movement disorders.
The functional magnetic resonance (fMR) technique for brain mapping is a valuable tool for understanding both normal physiology and the dysfunction taking place in disorders of the brain. This article provides an overview of fMR imaging methods and their applications in the study of neurologic movement disorders. The article also reviews the current neuroimaging literature regarding parkinsonisms, dystonia, essential tremor, and Huntington disease, and includes a discussion of current methodological limitations and future directions for this exciting field.
-
Extrapyramidal syndromes (ES) belong to the most common neurologic illnesses. Because new and promising therapeutic options are currently under development, there is a substantial demand for molecular imaging procedures with the potential to identify the pathologic changes of those illnesses. This article gives an overview of the current positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography applications for diagnosing ES and focuses on their use in clinical practice.
-
Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · Nov 2009
Advanced MRI: translation from animal to human in brain tumor research.
Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion MRI, and perfusion MRI, allow for a diverse range of multidimensional information regarding brain tumor physiology to be obtained in addition to the traditional anatomic images. Although it is well documented that MRI of rodent brain tumor models plays an important role in the basic research and drug discovery process of new brain tumor therapies, the role that animal models have played in translating these methodologies is rarely discussed in such articles. ⋯ This is despite that the use of rodent cancer models to test advanced MRI techniques predates and was integral to the development of clinical MRI. This article highlights just how integral preclinical imaging is to the discovery, development, and validation of advanced MRI techniques for imaging brain neoplasms.
-
The central skull base (CSB) constitutes a frontier between the extracranial head and neck and the middle cranial fossa. The anatomy of this region is complex, containing most of the bony foramina and canals of the skull base traversed by several neurovascular structures that can act as routes of spread for pathologic processes. ⋯ Crosssectional imaging is indispensable in the diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up of patients with CSB lesions. This review focuses on a systematic approach to this region based on an anatomic division that takes into account the major tissue constituents of the CSB.
-
This article describes the rationale, indications, and modality for intraoperative brain mapping for safe and effective surgical removal of tumors located within functional brain areas.