Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2000
ReviewEncephalitis, cerebritis, and brain abscess: pathophysiology and imaging findings.
This article discusses the imaging findings of encephalitis, cerebritis, and brain abscess in immunocompetent patients. MR imaging is the procedure of choice in evaluating suspected intracranial infections because of its inherent contrast resolution, multiplanar capability, improved sensitivity in the posterior fossa, sensitivity to the presence of subacute, and chronic hemorrhage, and its sensitivity to the detection of meningeal disease on postcontrast images. Discussion of pathologic conditions and imaging features of encephalitis are based on the most common causative agents of each type of disease. Imaging features and pathologic conditions of cerebritis and brain abscesses also are reviewed with emphasis on pyogenic bacteria.
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Neurocysticercosis produces a variety of neurologic syndromes resulting from the cysticerci infestation of the central nervous system by the larvae of Taenia solium. Because of increased immigration to the United States from endemic areas, the incidence of neurocysticercosis has increased, especially in California, Texas, Arizona, and other southwestern states. Neuroimaging studies play a significant role in the diagnosis and management of patients with neurocysticercosis.
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The diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system fungal infections typically pose problems for the clinician. With an increased incidence of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, neuroradiologic imaging has become essential in determining complications and outcomes. This article provides a summary of the more common organisms encountered in fungal infections of the central nervous system and the imaging features primarily seen with CT and MR imaging.
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A large number of entities can present as a suprasellar or parasellar mass. These include benign and malignant tumors as well as inflammatory and other lesions that can mimic a neoplasm. Imaging features and distinguishing characteristics of juxtasellar masses are described.
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The combination of surgery and radiation remains the most effective treatment for tumors affecting the central nervous system. This article reviews surgical therapy for brain tumors. Special attention is paid to new approaches to brain tumor therapy and to the interaction between neuroimaging and successful surgery.