The American journal of the medical sciences
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There is a growing interest in using programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) as a prognostic marker for melanoma. We conducted this meta-analysis to explore the prognostic and clinicopathological value of PD-L1 in melanoma. ⋯ Positive PD-L1 expression may be an important prognostic factor for longer OS in patients with metastatic melanoma.
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Numerous studies have reported associations between particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) hospitalizations and mortality in cities worldwide. Nonetheless, the evidence of an association remains varied and limited. ⋯ PM2.5 is associated with COPD hospitalizations and mortality. Controlling ambient air pollution would provide benefits to COPD patients.