The American journal of the medical sciences
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Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) is thought to be an uncommon variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This article is a literature review focusing on the characteristic electrocardiogram (EKG) and 2D echocardiogram findings as currently there are no specific ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines set as diagnostic criteria for ApHCM.
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Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) represents an increasingly burdensome public health issue that leads to worse outcomes for patients and high costs to society. While the rate of patients who DAMA is higher within certain institutions and geographic locations, the problem is present across all healthcare systems. DAMAs are often challenging as they occur suddenly and can be unsatisfactory. ⋯ In this review, we discuss the broader impact, associated factors, the most common reasons, the consequences, and the prevention strategies for DAMA. Further research is needed to create tools for stratifying patients most likely to DAMA. Early identification and appropriate interventions for these patients will allow for safe discharges.