Der Anaesthesist
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Perioperative stroke is defined as an ischemic cerebrovascular event that occurs during or within 30 days after surgery and is associated with an increased perioperative risk of morbidity and mortality. Depending on the type of surgery stroke is diagnosed in up to 11% of all patients in the perioperative period. Patients with a history of ischemic stroke or transitory ischemic attack have an increased risk for perioperative stroke. ⋯ Importantly, individualized blood pressure management is essential for optimization of cerebral perfusion during the perioperative period. This article provides a summary of the epidemiology, risk factors, and etiology of perioperative stroke. Moreover, possible preventive strategies relevant for the anesthesiologist are reviewed.
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The present guidelines ( http://leitlinien.net ) focus exclusively on cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction (infarction-related cardiogenic shock, ICS). The cardiological/cardiac surgical and the intensive care medicine strategies dealt with in these guidelines are essential to the successful treatment and survival of patients with ICS; however, both European and American guidelines on myocardial infarction and heart failure and also position papers on cardiogenic shock focused mainly on cardiological aspects. ⋯ A total of 95 recommendations, including 2 statements were compiled and based on these 7 algorithms with defined instructions on the course of treatment.