British journal of anaesthesia
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of meptazinol and pethidine given i.v. on demand in the management of postoperative pain.
Meptazinol and pethidine were compared under double-blind conditions in 20 patients, using an on-demand analgesic system to provide pain relief after upper abdominal surgery. The degree of analgesia, subjectively assessed, was good with both meptazinol and pethidine; although meptazinol produced significantly more nausea than did pethidine (P less than 0.01), there was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of other side-effects. Over 24 h average consumption of meptazinol was 2.4 times that of pethidine, suggesting that, when given by i.v. injection, meptazinol is less potent that pethidine.
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Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and plasma colloid osmotic pressure (plasma COP) were measured in dogs following acute haemorrhage and following the infusion of saline, 10% dextra 40 in saline and 3% dextran 40 in lactated Ringer's solution. Exsanguination decreased IFP, plasma COP and total plasma protein and albumin concentrations, and increased plasma glucose concentration and osmotic pressure. A massive infusion of physiological saline increased IFP, and decreased plasma COP and total plasma protein and albumin concentrations. ⋯ When a 10% dextran 40 saline solution was used, there was a marked increase in plasma COP but a decrease in IFP. When 3% dextran 40 in lactated Ringer's solution was infused, IFP was little affected in the early stage, but gradually increased thereafter. Plasma COP increased slightly immediately after infusion, but remained near the pre-exsanguination value for at least 3 h.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Hormonal responses to high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. A study in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
The hormonal responses to anaesthesia and cardiac surgery were studied in 20 patients. Ten patients were anaesthetized with fentanyl 60 microgram kg-1 and nitrous oxide in oxygen and 10 with etomidate 0.3 mgkg-1 and nitrous oxide in oxygen plus halothane. ⋯ Patients anaesthetized with etomidate and halothane showed a significant increase in adrenaline and glucose concentrations not seen in the fentanyl group. Cardiopulmonary bypass was associated with marked increases in catecholamines in both groups.