Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society
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Multicenter Study
Long-term follow-up of a novel implantable programmable infusion pump.
The Prometra® Programmable Pump System (Flowonix Medical, Inc., Mt. Olive, NJ, USA) is designed for continuous intrathecal administration of morphine sulfate to treat chronic intractable pain. As a follow-up to a previous report on acute six-month data, this study evaluated the efficacy of treatment at one year and the accuracy of drug delivery throughout the study (average of 2.5 years, range 0-3.6 years). ⋯ The Prometra pump demonstrated accurate drug delivery throughout the study and provides an effective and safe means for intrathecal administration of morphine sulfate for treatment of chronic intractable pain.
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Review Historical Article
Spinal cord stimulation as treatment for complex regional pain syndrome should be considered earlier than last resort therapy.
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS), by virtue of its historically described up-front costs and level of invasiveness, has been relegated by several complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) treatment algorithms to a therapy of last resort. Newer information regarding safety, cost, and efficacy leads us to believe that SCS for the treatment of CRPS should be implemented earlier in a treatment algorithm using a more comprehensive approach. ⋯ Based on literature-contingent considerations of safety, efficacy, cost efficacy, and cost neutrality, we conclude that SCS should not be considered a therapy of last resort for CRPS but rather should be applied earlier (e.g., three months) as soon as more conservative therapies have failed.
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To observe the effect of low-frequency hippocampal stimulation on gamma-amino butyric acid type B (GABA-B) receptor expression in hippocampus pharmacoresistant epileptic rats. ⋯ The low-frequency hippocampal stimulation may inhibit the amygdale stimulus-induced epileptic seizures and the after discharges. The antiepileptic effects of the hippocampal stimulation may be achieved partly by increasing the expression of the GABA-B receptor.