The American journal of nursing
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Among the most common causes of U. S. adult hospitalizations, pneumonia accounted for nearly 50,000 deaths in the United States in 2017. ⋯ The article also details key similarities and differences between the new 2019 guideline jointly developed by the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America on diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia and their earlier 2007 guideline. One crucial difference is the growing recognition that the etiology of pneumonia is changing, necessitating the abandonment of prior categorizations of pneumonia type when determining antibiotic coverage in favor of reliance on local epidemiology and validated risk factors for antimicrobial resistance.
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: This article examines the nature of implicit, or unconscious, bias and how such bias develops. It describes the ways that implicit bias among health care providers can contribute to health care disparities and discusses strategies nurses can use to recognize and mitigate any biases they may have so that all patients receive respectful and equitable care-regardless of their race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, gender identification, socioeconomic status, disabilities, stigmatized diagnoses, or any characteristic that distinguishes them from societal norms.
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Review Case Reports
CE: Acute Pain Management for People with Opioid Use Disorder.
: Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), which incorporates methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone, has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality rates in patients with this disease-and the numbers of patients receiving such treatment is substantial. In 2016, among U. ⋯ The authors discuss the attributes of the three medications used to treat OUD and, through a composite patient case, review how to manage acute pain effectively in patients receiving this type of treatment. This article is one in a series on palliative care developed in collaboration with the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association (https://advancingexpertcare.org), which offers education, certification, advocacy, leadership, and research on palliative care.
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Review Meta Analysis
CE: Original Research: End-of-Life Care Behind Bars: A Systematic Review.
: To conduct a systematic review of the published research literature on end-of-life (EOL) care in prisons in order to determine the current state of the science and suggest implications for nursing practice and areas for future research. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search of the literature using the following databases: CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts, the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts. All databases were searched from the time of their inception through June 2014. ⋯ Likewise, prison administrators and health care staff viewed inmate participation positively. This literature review reveals the challenges of providing EOL care to prisoners and may inspire nurses to consider steps they can take individually or within nursing organizations to improve this care and address the unique challenges faced by dying inmates. By being aware of these issues and advocating for best practices, nurses can help inmates at the end of life to have a dignified death.
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Review Meta Analysis
CE: Original Research: End-of-Life Care Behind Bars: A Systematic Review.
: To conduct a systematic review of the published research literature on end-of-life (EOL) care in prisons in order to determine the current state of the science and suggest implications for nursing practice and areas for future research. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed a comprehensive search of the literature using the following databases: CINAHL, Criminal Justice Abstracts, the National Criminal Justice Reference Service, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts. All databases were searched from the time of their inception through June 2014. ⋯ Likewise, prison administrators and health care staff viewed inmate participation positively. This literature review reveals the challenges of providing EOL care to prisoners and may inspire nurses to consider steps they can take individually or within nursing organizations to improve this care and address the unique challenges faced by dying inmates. By being aware of these issues and advocating for best practices, nurses can help inmates at the end of life to have a dignified death.