J Emerg Med
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Evidence suggests emergency department (ED) overcrowding is associated with poor health outcomes. Children comprise 20-25% of general ED visits, yet few studies have examined the differential impact of ED overcrowding on pediatric and adult populations. ⋯ In the context of system incentives to reduce overcrowding, ED LOS and the LWBS rate did not significantly change for either children or adults, despite increased visit volume and acuity. Our findings suggest that measures to improve patient flow might have provided EDs with the means to meet increased demands on departmental resources.
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Atomized intranasal midazolam is a common adjunct in pediatrics for procedural anxiolysis. There are no previous studies of validated anxiety scores with pharmacokinetic data to support optimal procedure timing. ⋯ Atomized intranasal midazolam is a safe and effective anxiolytic to facilitate laceration repair. The plasma concentration was >90% of the maximum from 5 to 17 min, suggesting this as an ideal procedural timeframe after intranasal midazolam administration.
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Case Reports
Poisoning after Ingestion of Spartium junceum Seeds: Dose-Dependent Effects in Three Boys.
Spanish broom (Spartium junceum L.) is an ornamental, medicinal, and potentially poisonous plant. ⋯ Three children, aged 5-6 years, were accidentally poisoned from ingesting a variable number of seeds of Spanish broom. This plant contains several quinolizidine alkaloids as cytisine, which act as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The potential danger varies, depending on the dose. After having ingested one to two seeds, one of the boys was asymptomatic. A second boy ingested four to five seeds and presented some digestive problems with favorable clinical evolution. A third boy ingested seven to eight seeds, and presented with digestive and neurologic symptoms, as well as minor metabolic acidosis. In this case there was vomiting with remains of the seeds. He responded well to a gastric lavage and activated charcoal. He was discharged 24 h post ingestion. The intake within one to eight seeds was accompanied by moderate symptoms, with good response to treatment. Children poisoned by plants with nicotine-like symptomatology usually fully recover, but some fatal cases have been reported. Prevention is always a key aspect to consider so as to reduce the risk of poisoning. There is a lack of legislative measures, based on lists provided by experts, to regulate real or potentially poisonous plants in children's areas. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: This case serves as an example of accidental plant poisoning. For emergency physicians, it is usually complicated to identify the specific plant involved, so initial treatment often starts with basic measures (airway, breathing, and circulation).
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A case of orbital emphysema associated with elevated intraorbital pressure, presenting as a complication of a paranasal sinus "blow-out" fracture after trauma to the orbit and globe is presented. ⋯ A 45-year-old man developed left globe rupture with orbital emphysema after blunt trauma. A large air pocket in the superior orbit with medial wall fracture and globe tenting was identified on noncontrast computed tomography. Direct needle drainage was performed using a 23-gauge needle attached to a saline-filled syringe with the plunger removed. Rapid release of air bubbles with prompt alleviation of pressure symptoms was observed. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Early diagnosis and management of orbital emphysema can salvage useful function of the globe. The knowledge of this clinical entity and its management can prevent delay and unnecessary referral.
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Case Reports
Acute Idiopathic Gastric Distension Causing Atrioventricular Block and Cardiogenic Shock.
We report a rare case of acute idiopathic gastric dilatation with associated severe bradycardia and shock. ⋯ A 69-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with complaint of chest pain and dyspnea. The patient required transvenous cardiac pacing for profound bradycardia and cardiogenic shock. After a negative emergent cardiac catheterization, a flat plate abdominal x-ray study demonstrated massive gastric dilatation, prompting nasogastric tube placement, with subsequent rapid improvement of the patient's cardiovascular and metabolic instability. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: This case highlights the rare though potentially catastrophic complications of acute gastric dilatation, and benefits of early intervention with gastric decompression.