Exercise and sport sciences reviews
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Exerc Sport Sci Rev · Oct 2000
Review Comparative StudyMuscle glucose transporter (GLUT 4) gene expression during exercise.
Among the many effects of exercise is the induction of glucose transporter (GLUT 4) expression in skeletal muscle. In this review, we examine the intracellular signals that may mediate the exercise-induced increase in GLUT4 gene transcription. This induction is likely to be dependent upon intracellular calcium concentrations and the energy charge of the muscle.
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Intense training programs that are insufficiently fueled by energy intake may lead to fatigue, impaired performance, and a broad spectrum of menstrual cycle disturbances. The effects of acute reduced energy availability and chronic energy deficiency on reproductive function, specifically luteinizing hormone secretion, will be examined, as well as possible recovery strategies.