Pak J Med Sci
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To compare the serum level of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in women with breast cancer at various stages of the disease and to consider the usefulness of these tumor markers in evaluating the response to chemotherapy. ⋯ Serum level of TPA and IL-6 discriminates between localized and metastatic breast cancer and their levels are good indicators of disease progression, TPA and IL-6 levels have a good predictive value for response to chemotherapy. The combination of the two tumor markers will increase the specificity for detecting breast cancer up to 96.7%.
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To compare the clinical efficacy and surgical effects of the anterior low small incision and the traditional incision in the treatments of thyroid adenomas. ⋯ The advantages of the anterior low small incision in the treatment of thyroid adenoma patients include smaller incision, lower costs, and fewer complications, when compared with the traditional incision.
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There are a number of e-Learning modalities, some or all of which may be used throughout a medical, dental, nursing or any other health related undergraduate curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to briefly describe what e-learning is along with some of the modalities, their common advantages and limitations. This publication ends with practical implications of these modalities for Pakistan.
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This study aims to determine expression of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and of Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA) in hepatic stellate cells of CHC cases and their association with stage of fibrosis. ⋯ The study was conducted at Ziauddin University, Clifton Campus during the year 2010-2012. Sixty Chronic Hepatitis C cases were immmunostained using anti α-SMA antibody and anti-GFAP antibody. Semi quantitative scoring in pericentral, periportal and perisinusoidal area of each case was done to assess immunoexpression of each marker. Results : Immunoexpression of GFAP showed significant association with α-SMA. GFAP expression was inversely correlated with progression of fibrosis. Conclusion : GFAP could represent a useful marker for early hepatic stellate cells activation. Follow up biopsies showing decline in GFAP levels may help identify the target group requiring aggressive therapy.
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Case Reports
Treating Traumatic Lumbosacral Spondylolisthesis Using Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with three years follow up.
To analyze the surgical outcome of traumatic lumbosacral spondylolisthesis treated using posterior lumbar interbody fusion, and help spine surgeons to determine the treatment strategy. ⋯ Traumatic lumbosacral spondylolisthesis can be treated using posterior lumbar interbody fusion to realize the perfect reduction, decompression, fixation and fusion.