Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology
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The practice of pediatric pain management has made a great progress in the last decade with the development and validation of pain assessment tools specific to pediatric patients. Adequate pediatric pain management has not been advanced as that of adult analgesia due to a lack of clinical knowledge, insufficient pediatric research and the fear of opioid side effects and addiction. Even pediatric anesthesiologists have believed the myths that neonates and infants do not feel severe pain compared to adults because of immatured development of nervous system. ⋯ Accurate assessment of pain in different age groups and the effective treatment of postoperative pain are constantly being refined. Systemic opioids in patient-controlled analgesia, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and regional analgesics alone or combined with additives are currently used to provide effective postoperative analgesia. These modalities are best utilized when combined in a multimodal approach to treat acute pain in perioperative pediatric patients.
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Retraction Of Publication
Notice of formal retraction of articles by Dr. Yoshitaka Fujii.