Klinika oczna
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Historical Article
[Ophthalmology in Byzantium between the 4th and the 7th century].
The article presents the state of development of medicine and ophthalmology in Byzantium in the period between the 4th and the 7th century. It discusses the life and work of Oribasius, Alexander of Tralles, Aëtius from Amida and Paullus from Aegina. ⋯ Paullus from Aegina was an exception in this respect as he provided a detailed description of couching of cataractous lens (e.g. hypochyma). His description is more detailed and precise than the one provided 600 years earllier by Celsus.
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Hyphema is a common consequence of mechanical ocular trauma. Blood in the anterior chamber (hyphema)can occur after blunt or lacerating trauma. Traumatic hyphema is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. ⋯ Treatment of the hyphema is generally topical. Outcome is good (in more cases), if medical treatment was quickly instituted. Surgical treatment must be reserved for a special cases, but it needs more further investigations.
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Orbital fractures are common in midface trauma. The aim of our study was the retrospective analysis of patients with eye injuries. According to a prospective protocol we studied 82% adults and 18% children with orbital fractures. ⋯ Of whole orbital fractures had an associated eye injury. Common mechanisms included assaults (37% of cases in group I and 46% of cases in group II) and car or motor vehicle accidents (43% of cases in group I and 44% of cases in group II). We believe that further studies on this subject are necessary because the mechanism which produces the orbital fractures is subject to debate, they are acknowledged to be difficult to diagnose solely through clinical means.
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The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of some pathologies related to prematurity in the development of stage 3 ROP in children with extremely low birth-weight. The group of 35 prematures with diagnosed 3rd stage ROP and 64 prematures without ROP was examined. The presence of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and intraventricular haemorrhages (IVH) were analyzed. ⋯ PDA was diagnosed more frequently in children with 3rd stage ROP but the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.1 52, OR=1.80). There was significant difference between the groups when comparing the incidence of NEC (p=0.03, OR=3.34). The pathologies of the prematurity such as RDS, NEC and grade III IVH are the predictive factors for the development of stage 3 ROP (p=0.03, OR=3.34).
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Historical Article
[Sir Harold Ridley--the creator of modern cataract surgery].
In February 2000, the worldwide ophthalmology community celebrated the 50th anniversary of one of the twentieth century's most important innovations in eye care--the implantation of the first intraocular lens after cataract extraction by Sir Harold Ridley. It was the initiation of a golden age for the development of ophthalmology, especially cataract surgery. In our paper we would like to remember this outstanding English ophthalmologist and his great invention.