European journal of nutrition
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Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to hepatic injury after hemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R). Natural plant polyphenols, i.e., green tea extract (GTE) possess high anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in various models of acute inflammation. However, possible protective effects and feasible mechanisms by which plant polyphenols modulate pro-inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidant signaling after H/R in the liver remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of GTE and its impact on the activation of NF-kappaB in the pathogenesis of hepatic injury induced by H/R. ⋯ Taken together, GTE application blunts hepatic damage, apoptotic, oxidative, and pro-inflammatory changes after H/R. These results underline the important roles of JNK and NF-kappaB in inflammatory processes after H/R and the beneficial impact of plant polyphenols in preventing their activation.
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Numerous supplements containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are presently being promoted for body weight reduction. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for or against the long-term efficacy of CLA. ⋯ The evidence from RCTs does not convincingly show that CLA intake generates any clinically relevant effects on body composition on the long term.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy and tolerability of a prolonged release ferrous sulphate formulation in iron deficiency anaemia: a non-inferiority controlled trial.
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the last stage of iron deficiency, consecutive to an imbalance between iron supply through food intake and iron loss through physiological or pathological processes. As well as by haemoglobin levels, IDA is diagnosed by measuring biomarkers of iron stores. Women are most affected by IDA since their teenage years, as menstruation constitutes a chronic iron loss. Oral supplementation with ferrous sulphate is an effective therapy, but gastrointestinal side effects may impair treatment compliance. ⋯ V0355 was as efficient as Ferrograd® in the treatment of anaemia and exhibited a better gastrointestinal tolerance profile.
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To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, a marker of vitamin D status, and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a general older population with relatively low average serum 25(OH)D concentrations. ⋯ Our study supports the accumulating evidence from epidemiological studies that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of death. Large-scale primary prevention trials with vitamin D supplementation are warranted.
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Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) present in macrophages has been implicated in the integration of lipid metabolism and inflammatory response, contributing to development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. ⋯ Unsaturated fatty acids inhibited the basal as well as LPS-induced A-FABP expression. The mechanism may involve histone deacetylation and anti-inflammatory effect of unsaturated fatty acids may be at least in part attributed to their repression of A-FABP expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.