Articles: adolescent.
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The lancet oncology · Sep 2023
ReviewFinancial hardship in families of children or adolescents with cancer: a systematic literature review.
Financial hardship in childhood cancer contributes to poor health outcomes and global disparities in survival, but the extent of the financial burden on families is not yet fully understood. We systematically reviewed financial hardship prevalence and individual components characterising financial hardship across six domains (medical, non-medical, and indirect costs, financial strategies, psychosocial responses, and behavioural responses) and compared characteristics across country income levels using an established theory of human needs. ⋯ Components characterising financial hardship spanned the six domains and showed variation across country income contexts, yet a synthesis of existing literature cannot establish whether these are true differences in characterisation or burden. Our findings emphasise a crucial need to implement a data-driven methodological framework with validated measures to inform effective policies and interventions to address financial hardship in childhood cancer.
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Pediatric emergency care · Aug 2023
ReviewDiagnosis and Management of Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux in the Emergency Department.
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common physiologic occurrence in infants, children, and adolescents and can develop into a pathological process (GERD) with associated complications. Gastroesophageal reflux is reported in approximately 30% of healthy infants, with a peak age of 3 to 4 months and is a common concern from families presenting to the emergency department. ⋯ This review will briefly discuss diagnostic studies for the evaluation of GER/GERD; however, these are not helpful in the acute care setting and should be reserved for evaluation by a subspecialist. Management of GER/GERD includes nonmedication management with reflux precautions and dietary/lifestyle modifications; medication management with proton-pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, antacids, or prokinetics, as well as surgical management for refractory or high-risk cases.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Review Meta AnalysisDrinking behaviors of Chinese adolescents over the past three decades: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Adolescent drinking is a major worldwide public health challenge. China is home to the world's second largest youth population, but relatively little is known about adolescent drinking behaviors. This study examined (1) prevalence rates and sex and age differences in drinking behaviors among Chinese adolescents over the past three decades and (2) whether underage drinking declined following the enactment of a strict national underage drinking policy in 2006. ⋯ The findings suggest that prevalence rates of drinking behaviors remain high among Chinese adolescents but are lower than among European or North American adolescents. The 2006 Chinese national policy to reduce underage drinking did not measurably alter patterns of underage drinking. Implications for prevention, research, and policy are discussed.
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Familial hypercholesterolemia and multifactorial dyslipidemia are 2 conditions that cause abnormally high lipid levels in children, which can lead to premature cardiovascular events (eg, myocardial infarction and stroke) and death in adulthood. ⋯ The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for lipid disorders in children and adolescents 20 years or younger. (I statement).
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Lipid screening in childhood and adolescence can lead to early dyslipidemia diagnosis. The long-term benefits of lipid screening and subsequent treatment in this population are uncertain. ⋯ No direct evidence on the benefits or harms of pediatric lipid screening was identified. While multifactorial dyslipidemia is common, no evidence was found that treatment is effective for this condition. In contrast, FH is relatively rare; evidence shows that statins reduce lipid levels in children with FH, and observational studies suggest that such treatment has long-term benefit for this condition.