Articles: pain.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Jan 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialMultiple doses of paracetamol plus codeine taken immediately after oral surgery.
A double-blind randomized analgesic trial was carried out in 180 patients undergoing surgical removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth. The patients received the first dose of either paracetamol 1000 mg plus codeine 60 mg, paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 30 mg or placebo immediately after surgery during the effect of the local anaesthetic. The mean pain intensity, the duration of effect and the number of patients needing additional analgesics were all significantly dose related. ⋯ In addition, the analgesic efficacy was calculated over a 12 hour period after first medication and thereby including the efficacy of a second dose, if taken. Paracetamol 1000 mg plus codeine 60 mg followed by paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 30 mg after around 5 hours was a very effective treatment and over 40% of these patients did not need any further pain relief during the evaluation period. In conclusion, an effective analgesic taken immediately after oral surgery reduces the total pain and diminishes the need of analgesics.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Acetylsalicylic acid compared with acetylsalicylic acid plus codeine as postoperative analgesics after removal of impacted mandibular third molars.
In a multicenter, double blind clinical trial a combination of acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg + codeine phosphate 30 mg has been compared with acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg as postoperative analgesics in patients with pain after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Evaluation of the results from 129 patients showed that the combination of acetylsalicylic acid and codeine provided better pain relief and also the number of tablets used was smaller and the time intervals between repeated doses were longer than with acetylsalicylic acid only. Adverse effects were few and similar for both drugs. It may be concluded that the combination of 500 mg acetylsalicylic acid and 30 mg codeine phosphate provides a useful analgesic for more severe pain conditions in oral surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
A lignocaine-prilocaine cream reduces venipuncture pain.
A new, topical anaesthetic formulation, EMLA 5% cream (Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics), and placebo have been compared in a randomized double-blind study of 51 children. The objectives were to test if EMLA diminishes pain from venipuncture, to evaluate possible adverse reactions, and to determine if there is any influence upon the ease with which the insertion procedure is carried out. Pain was evaluated using a three-graded verbal rating scale. ⋯ No oedema occurred, but a few cases of local redness and paleness were observed after EMLA treatment. However, these reactions were clinically insignificant. It is concluded that EMLA significantly reduces pain from venipuncture, and side effects are mild and transient.
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Arzneimittel Forsch · Jan 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialNefopam in postoperative pain.
A comparative study between nefopam (Acupan) and pentazocine was carried out in 90 patients for treatment of postoperative pain following gynaecological operations. The results show that nefopam has an analgesic activity comparable with that of pentazocine, but its duration of action seems to be longer-lasting, even if with a longer period of latency. At equieffective analgesic action, nefopam shows a lower interference with the respiratory function. As far as side-effects are concerned a significant increase in drowsiness was observed with both types of treatment; sweating was observed only in nefopam group.
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Arzneimittel Forsch · Jan 1985
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial[Flupirtine in patients with cancer pain].
In a double-blind clinical trial the analgesic efficacy and safety of ethyl-N-(2-amino-6-[4-fluorophenyl-methylamino] pyridin-3-yl)carbamate (flupirtine, designated trademark: Katadolon) as 100-mg capsules were compared to pentazocine capsules 50 mg in 52 patients with severe to very severe cancer pain. The duration of treatment was up to one week, the daily dose up to 6 capsules. The analgesic effect was assessed by a 4-point verbal rating scale. ⋯ Final evaluation demonstrated that flupirtine was significantly more effective than pentazocine in reducing pain. The incidence of side-effects was similar in both treatment groups, flupirtine, however, caused less intensive and less clinically relevant adverse reactions. In conclusion the results indicate that flupirtine is a potent and well tolerated analgesic in the treatment of cancer pain.