Articles: nausea.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialOndansetron prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting in women outpatients.
Three doses of intravenous (i.v.) ondansetron, 1 mg, 4 mg, and 8 mg, were compared to placebo for their antiemetic effect and safety. The drugs or placebo were administered in a double-blind manner, prophylactically to 589 women undergoing elective outpatient surgical procedures under nitrous oxide opioid-based general endotracheal anesthesia. In the postanesthesia care unit, the number of emetic episodes, periodic assessments of nausea severity using an 11-point scale (0 = no nausea; 10 = worst nausea), vital signs, and adverse events were collected by an independent observer for 2 h. ⋯ Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and laboratory safety variables were not different among the groups. Ondansetron did not prolong awakening time. This study indicates that ondansetron is a safe and effective prophylactic antiemetic for women who have outpatient surgery under nitrous oxide opioid-based general anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of oral ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with fractionated total-body irradiation.
To evaluate oral ondansetron in the prevention of total-body irradiation (TBI)-induced nausea and vomiting. ⋯ Oral ondansetron is an effective therapy for the prevention of emesis induced by TBI.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Nov 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of ondansetron with ondansetron plus dexamethasone in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
The purpose of this double-blind, randomized study was to compare the effectiveness of ondansetron plus saline versus ondansetron plus dexamethasone in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Of 180 women having general anesthesia for major gynecologic surgery, 89 received intravenous ondansetron, 4 mg, plus saline (Group 1) and 91 received intravenous ondansetron, 4 mg, plus dexamethasone 8 mg (Group 2) during their operation. A complete response, defined as no emesis and no need for rescue antiemetic during the 24-h postoperative period, occurred in 38% of patients in Group 1 and in 52% in Group 2 (P = 0.048). ⋯ In the ondansetron plus dexamethasone group, 9 out of 10 patients who received propofol for induction of anesthesia had no emesis. The only failure occurred in a patient who had a single emetic episode during the 24th postoperative hour. The combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone was more effective than ondansetron and saline in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting for women having major gynecologic surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Dose-finding study of tropisetron in cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting.
The purpose of these two studies was to define the optimal therapeutic dose of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron (Navoban, ICS 205-930) in cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. ⋯ Thus, a single dose of tropisetron provides 24-hour protection against cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting and is well tolerated. These studies do not allow a firm conclusion but suggest that 2 mg may be subtherapeutic and that 5 mg is as effective as higher doses.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Oct 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialOndansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following minor oral surgery: a double-blind randomized study.
The efficacy and safety of ondansetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting following minor oral surgery was evaluated in a prospective randomized double-blind study. Of a total of seventy-seven patients, randomly 38 had 4 mg of ondansetron and 39 had normal saline as placebo intravenously immediately prior to induction of anaesthesia. A standard general anaesthetic with thiopentone, suxamethonium, fentanyl, nitrous oxide and isoflurane was employed. ⋯ Patients who vomited twice or more and the number who required a rescue antiemetic were significantly fewer in the ondansetron group (P < 0.05). Cardiovascular parameters were stable and showed no significant difference in the two groups. There were no significant adverse effects that could be directly attributable to ondansetron.