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This paper proposes novel adaptive fuzzy wavelet neural sliding mode controller (AFWN-SMC) for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The main contribution of this paper is to design smooth sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of high-order nonlinear systems while the structure of the system is unknown and no prior knowledge about uncertainty is available. The proposed scheme composed of an Adaptive Fuzzy Wavelet Neural Controller (AFWNC) to construct equivalent control term and an Adaptive Proportional-Integral (A-PI) controller for implementing switching term to provide smooth control input. ⋯ To validate the results obtained by proposed approach, some other methods are adopted from the literature and applied for comparison. Simulation results show superiority and capability of the proposed controller to improve the steady state performance and transient response specifications by using less numbers of fuzzy rules and on-line adaptive parameters in comparison to other methods. Furthermore, control effort has considerably decreased and chattering phenomenon has been completely removed.
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Zhonghua yi xue za zhi · Oct 2012
Comparative Study[Radiographic comparison of anterior cervical fusion after two-level discectomy or single-level corpectomy for two-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy].
To compare the pre- and post-operative radiographic data of a single-level anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF)or a two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for patients with two-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy. ⋯ Graft subsidence and loss of fusion segmental lordosis of two groups occur mainly in an early post-operation stage (first 2 months). The group of ACDF with PEEK cage is superior to the group of ACCF with titanium meshes in maintaining the height and lordosis of fusion segments. Single-level ACCF with titanium meshes continues subsiding at the caudal endplate of fusion segments even after 2 months.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the younger population worldwide. Survivors of TBI often experience long-term disability in the form of cognitive, sensorimotor, and affective impairments. ⋯ However, no effective treatment for TBI has been established to date in the clinical setting, despite promising results generated in preclinical studies in the use of neuroprotective strategies. The failure to translate results from preclinical studies to the clinical setting underscores a compelling need to revisit the current state of knowledge in the use of animal models in TBI.